In the humanities disciplines, primary sources include original documents, data, images, and other compositions that provide a firsthand account of an event or a time in history. Primary sources allow you to create your own analysis with the appropriate rhetorical approach. In all likelihood, you will need to seek out all three. During any research project, your use of these sources will depend on your topic, your thesis, and, ultimately, how you intend to use them. In your research, you likely will use three types of sources: primary, secondary, and tertiary. See Research Process: Accessing and Recording Information for more information about sources and synthesizing information. But where do you find sources that relate to your argument? And how do you choose which sources to use? This section will help you answer those questions and choose sources that will both enhance and challenge your claim, allowing you to confront contradictory evidence and synthesize ideas, or combine ideas from various sources, to produce a well-constructed original argument. Therefore, gather any materials-including books, websites, professional journals, periodicals, and documents-that you think may contain valuable ideas about your topic. At the beginning, you do not need to be highly selective in this process, as you may not ultimately use every source. The first step in completing an annotated bibliography is to locate and compile sources to use in your research project. The real challenge may be sorting through all the available sources and determining which will be useful. With access to the Internet and an academic library, you will rarely encounter a shortage of sources for any given topic or argument. Research projects and compositions, particularly argumentative or position texts, require you to collect sources, devise a thesis, and then support that thesis through analysis of the evidence, including sources, you have compiled. You won’t necessarily use all the sources cited in your annotated bibliography in your final work, but gathering, evaluating, and documenting these sources is an integral part of the research process. It is a tool to assist in the gathering of these sources and serves as a repository. An annotated bibliography can also help you demonstrate that you have read the sources you will potentially cite in your work. Annotations can be both explanatory and analytical, helping readers understand the research you used to formulate your argument. The purpose of the annotation is to summarize, assess, and reflect on the source. Second is an evaluation of the work’s validity, reliability, and/or bias. First, following the documentation entry is a short description of the work, including information about its authors and how it was or can be used in a research project. Although they present each formal documentation entry as it would appear in a source list such as a works cited page, an annotated bibliography includes two types of additional information. They give credit to authors and sources from which you draw and support your ideas.Īnnotated bibliography expand on typical bibliographies by including information beyond the basic citation information and commentary on the source.They create a community of researchers, thus adding to the ongoing conversation on the research topic.They enable readers to do more research on the topic.They strengthen your arguments by offering proof that your research comes from trustworthy sources.They help you organize your own research on a topic and narrow your topic, thesis, or argument.Each set of source information, or each individual entry, listed in the bibliography or noted within the body of the composition is called a citation.īibliographies include formal documentation entries that serve several purposes: The bibliography lists information about each source, including author, title, publisher, and publication date. A bibliography alone, at the end of a research work, also may be labeled “References” or “Works Cited,” depending on the citation style you are using. Often they include academic journal articles, periodicals, websites, and multimedia texts such as videos. Named for the Greek terms biblion, meaning “book,” and graphos, meaning “something written,” bibliographies today compile more than just books. Locate, compile, and evaluate primary, secondary, and tertiary research materials related to your topic.Ī bibliography is a list of the sources you use when doing research for a project or composition.Integrate your ideas with ideas from related sources.By the end of this section, you will be able to:
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