La technique de culture continue: theorie et applications. Algal nutrient limitation affects rotifer growth rate but not ingestion rate. Results of laboratory experiments and field studies. Quantitative relations between phytoplankton and the population dynamics of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas. Dynamical effects of plant quality and parasitism on population cycles of larch budmoth. Large-amplitude cycles of Daphnia and its algal prey in enriched environments. The Ecological Detective: Confronting Models with Data (Princeton Univ. in Population Cycles: The Case for Trophic Interactions (ed. Why do populations cycle? A synthesis of statistical and mechanistic modeling approaches. ![]() (eds) The Ecology and Evolution of Inducible Defenses (Princeton Univ. The evolutionary interaction among species: selection, escalation, and coevolution. Evolution and Escalation: An Ecological History of Life (Princeton Univ. Jr Crossing the Hopf bifurcation in a live predator–prey system. Green Algae: Structure, Reproduction and Evolution in Selected Genera (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, 1975)įussmann, G. ![]() Complex Population Dynamics: A Theoretical/Empirical Synthesis (Princeton Univ. (ed.) Population Cycles: The Case for Trophic Interactions (Oxford Univ. Jr Predator–prey cycles in an aquatic microcosm: Testing hypotheses of mechanism. The evolution of predator–prey interactions: theory and evidence. Linking genetic change to community evolution: Insights from studies of bacteria and bacteriophage. Density cycles and an offspring quantity and quality game driven by natural selection. The Evolution Explosion: How Humans Cause Rapid Evolutionary Change (W. Rapid evolution of reproductive isolation in the wild: Evidence from introduced salmon. Rapid evolution of a geographic cline in size in an introduced fly. Rapid evolution revealed by dormant eggs. These results confirm that prey evolution can substantially alter predator–prey dynamics, and therefore that attempts to understand population oscillations in nature 10, 11 cannot neglect potential effects from ongoing rapid evolution. Single-clone algal cultures (lacking genetic variability) produced short cycle periods and typical quarter-period phase lags between prey and predator densities, whereas multi-clonal (genetically variable) algal cultures produced long cycles with prey and predator densities nearly out of phase, exactly as predicted. We verified the predicted existence of an evolutionary tradeoff between algal competitive ability and defence against consumption, and examined its effects on cycle dynamics by manipulating the evolutionary potential of the prey population. Our experiments tested explicit predictions from a model for our system that allows prey evolution 9. Here we report that rapid prey evolution in response to oscillating predator density affects predator–prey (rotifer–algal) cycles in laboratory microcosms. However, theoretical predictions of how rapid evolution can affect ecological dynamics 8 are inconclusive and often depend on untested model assumptions 8. ![]() Send us feedback about these examples.Ecological and evolutionary dynamics can occur on similar timescales 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'predator.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Jonathan Franzen, The New Yorker, 25 Dec. 2023 Large numbers of free-roaming cats are also killed or maimed by vehicles, by predators, by poisoning, and, presumably, by exposure to harsh weather. Rina Diane Caballar, Smithsonian Magazine, 26 Dec. 2023 New Zealand was once a land of flightless birds like the extinct moa-no terrestrial mammalian predators in sight. 2023 Dayer said researchers are already noting that an emotional sadness prevails when participants come into contact with dead birds - whether the deaths were caused by predators, weather or illness. Emilie Le Beau Lucchesi, Discover Magazine, 11 Dec. 2023 If the scent is unfamiliar or seemingly dangerous - perhaps indicating that a predator passed through - then the right nostril keeps sniffing. Jack Tamisiea, Scientific American, 20 Dec. 2023 Spiders are widespread predators in most cave systems: more than 1,000 species of the leggy carnivores reside in caves. 2023 The declining number and size of ephemeral ponds during drought years, plus nest predators like racoons and skunks take their toll. ![]() 2023 One of the pretty early action sequences involves a thunderstorm and a late-night stay at some would-be predators' homes. Recent Examples on the Web From the 1970s, conservation efforts focused on managing the remaining kākāpō on the country’s offshore islands, where predators are systematically eradicated.
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